Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2013Estimated Mortality Impact of Vaccinations 2011–2020 in 73 GAVI Alliance Countries
From August to December 2011, a multidisciplinary group with expertise in mathematical modeling was constituted …
From August to December 2011, a multidisciplinary group with expertise in mathematical modeling was constituted by the GAVI Alliance and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to estimate the impact of vaccination in 73 countries supported by the GAVI Alliance. The number of deaths averted in persons projected to be vaccinated during 2011–2020 was estimated for ten antigens: hepatitis B, yellow fever, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, rotavirus, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, Japanese…
Mathematical Models | Health Outcomes | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2013Using Occupational Injury Data to Estimate VSL
This article discusses the use of occupational fatality rate data to estimate the additional pay …
This article discusses the use of occupational fatality rate data to estimate the additional pay workers receive for bearing greater risks, while controlling for other aspects of the job and characteristics of the worker. This tradeoff rate is typically referenced as the value of a statistical life (VSL). The extensive U.S. labor market literature generating VSL estimates has utilized several fatality rate measures which are typically matched to employment information on workers from large datasets.…
Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | College | Graduate | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
GuidelinesPublication 2013Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, or the Institute) provides guidance to …
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, or the Institute) provides guidance to the NHS in England on the clinical and cost effectiveness of selected new and established technologies. The Institute undertakes appraisals of health technologies at the request of the Department of Health. Guidance produced by the Institute on health technologies is also applied selectively in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2013Valuing Health Risk Reductions
In this article, the authors discuss how to value risk reductions in the context of …
In this article, the authors discuss how to value risk reductions in the context of benefit-cost analysis. Many public policies and private actions affect the risk of injury, illness, or death, yet changes in these risks are not easily valued using market prices. The authors begin with a pragmatic focus, describing the analytic framework and the approaches currently used for valuation, including estimates of willingness to pay (WTP), cost of illness (COI), and monetized quality-adjusted…
Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | College | Graduate | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ReviewPublication 2013Valuing the Economic Benefits of Complex Interventions
This is a review of economic evaluations of complex health interventions. Complex interventions, involving interlinked …
This is a review of economic evaluations of complex health interventions. Complex interventions, involving interlinked packages of care, challenge the application of current methods of economic evaluation that focus on measuring only health gain. The authors find that complex interventions may be problematic on two levels. First, the complexity means the intervention may not fit into one of the current appraisal systems, and/or second, maximizing health is not the only objective. This paper discusses the…
Preferences/Values | Decision Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Europe -
ReviewPublication 2013Public Health Economics: Review of Guidance for Economic Evaluation
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health …
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health interventions. Public Health Economics is the science and art of supporting decision making as to how society can use its available resources to advance health, and minimize opportunity cost. In this review, the authors identified 5 international guidance documents, 7 UK guidance documents and 4 documents by individual commentators. The papers reviewed identify the main methodological challenges that face analysts…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2013Public Finance of Rotavirus Vaccination in India and Ethiopia: Extended CEA
This study uses extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate a hypothetical publicly financed program for …
This study uses extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate a hypothetical publicly financed program for rotavirus vaccination in India and Ethiopia. The authors measured program impact on: (1) averted rotavirus deaths; (2) reduction in household expenditures; (3) financial risk protection; and (4) distributional consequences across the country’s wealth strata. In India and Ethiopia, the program was predicted to decrease rotavirus deaths substantially, and effectively provide financial risk protection among the poor, while also reducing household…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Asia & Pacific -
GuidelinesPublication 2013Decision and Simulation Modeling in Systematic Reviews
The purpose of this review is to provide guidance for determining when incorporating a decision-analytic …
The purpose of this review is to provide guidance for determining when incorporating a decision-analytic model alongside a systemic review would be of added value for decision making purposes. The purpose of systematic reviews is to synthesize the current scientific literature on a particular topic in the form of evidence reports and technology assessments to assist public and private organizations in developing strategies that improve the quality of health care and decision making. However, there…
Mathematical Models | Evidence Synthesis | Decision Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2012Modeling Preventative Strategies Against HPV-Related Disease in Developed Countries
This review article is part of a special supplement on “Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections …
This review article is part of a special supplement on “Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases.” At the time of its writing, prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in pre-adolescent females had been introduced in most developed countries, supported by modeled evaluations that had almost universally found vaccination of pre-adolescent females to be cost-effective. Vaccination of pre-adolescent males had been shown to be cost-effective at a cost per vaccinated individual of ~US$400-500 if…
Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Global